Everything about Fort St Joseph Niles totally explained
Fort Saint Joseph was a fort located on what is now the south side of the present day town of
Niles, Michigan. Built by the
French in
1691 on the lower
Saint Joseph River, the fort was located where one branch of the
Old Sauk Trail, a major east-west
Native American trail,
fords the river. The fort was a significant stronghold of the
fur trade at the southern end of
Lake Michigan.
After the
British victory in the
French and Indian War, France turned the fort over to the British, who occupied it in October 1761. On
May 25,
1763, during
Pontiac's Rebellion, the fort was captured by
Potawatomi Indians. Most of the fifteen-man garrison was killed outright, while the commander, Ensign Francis Schlosser, was taken to
Detroit by the Potawatomis as a prisoner. After Pontiac's Rebellion, the fort no longer served as a military outpost, but it continued to be an important trading post.
Fort St. Joseph was important in equipping the
Miamis, Potawatomies, and other American Indians who were at war with the
United States during the
American Revolutionary War. The fort was raided by Americans from
Cahokia, Illinois in 1780, but they were overtaken near
Petit fort (in present-day
Indiana) while trying to escape. Fort St. Joseph was captured and plundered on
February 12 1781 by an expedition of about 140
Spanish soldiers and American Indians, who had set out from the Spanish town of
St. Louis. The attack was in retaliation for the
attack on St. Louis in the previous year. By looting or destroying the goods held at Fort St. Joseph, they prevented a second British attack into Spanish territory.
The fort was finally abandoned by the British after the
Northwest Indian War and the signing of
Jay's Treaty in 1795.
The specific location of the fort site was forgotten and not rediscovered until 1998.
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